Wetlands, often seen as nature's waterlogged wonders, harbour a bounty of life. Beyond their ecological significance, these dynamic ecosystems offer a unique opportunity for farming.
Wetland ecosystems serve ‘as flood protection, water quality enhancement, food chain support and carbon sequestration’ (JTA Verhoeven and TL Setter, 2019). To use wetlands for farming, they must be drained and converted into agricultural land. Due to their exploitation, 50% of world’s wetlands were lost; however, several agriculture crops still flourish in such water-rich environments.
The following crops can be grown in wetlands:
Rice
Wetlands are synonymous with rice cultivation, particularly in Asia. The flooded fields mimic the traditional paddy landscapes, providing an ideal environment for rice growth, from white rice to aromatic varieties.
Wild Rice
Different from traditional rice varieties, wild rice grows in the shallow waters of wetlands. Native to North America, wild rice has a distinct nutty flavour and is a nutritious grain rich in protein, minerals, and antioxidants.
Cranberries
Cranberries thrive in the waterlogged soils of wetlands known as bogs. These acidic, peat-rich environments create the perfect conditions for cranberry bushes to produce the vibrant, tart berries that grace our tables during the fall harvest season.
Lotus Root
Wetlands host the aquatic elegance of lotus plants, prized not only for their stunning blooms but also for their edible roots. Lotus roots, known for their crunchy texture and mild flavour, are a culinary delight in many Asian cuisines.
Taro
Taro, a starchy tuber with tropical origins, thrives in the waterlogged conditions of wetlands. Commonly used in diverse cuisines, taro provides a versatile ingredient for both savoury and sweet dishes.
Water chestnut
Submerged beneath the waters of wetlands, water chestnuts develop their crunchy, sweet flesh. These aquatic nuts are a popular addition to various dishes and are appreciated for their distinctive texture.
Bamboo shoots
Bamboo, a wetland-loving plant, produces tender shoots that emerge from the soil. Bamboo shoots are a culinary delicacy in many Asian cuisines. Their crisp texture and ability to absorb the flavours of the dishes they accompany is particularly valued.
Cattails
Beyond traditional crops, wetlands offer unconventional yet valuable resources. Cattails, with their slender, cylindrical spikes, are edible and have been used by Indigenous communities for various culinary and medicinal purposes.
As the Global Wetland Outlook Special Edition (2021) effectively summarises, ‘Agriculture has been a key driver of wetland degradation, but the future of sustainable food production is dependent on healthy wetlands and wise use of them.’ Because of their exploitation, most wetlands are now protected. So, it is important to be aware of any current regulations if you would like to explore wetland farming.
Uncontrolled agricultural practices in wetlands can lead to habitat destruction, loss of biodiversity, and disruption of delicate ecosystems. Sustainable wetland farming practices and conservation efforts ensure the harmonious coexistence between agriculture and the invaluable ecosystems of wetlands.
-Marina Novokhatska
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